喷油器常见故障及影响
(1)喷油雾化不良
当喷油压力过低、弹簧端面磨损或弹簧弹力下降时，会使喷油器提前开启、延时关闭，并出现喷油雾化不良现象，导致柴油机功率下降、燃烧不充分而排气管冒黑烟。
(2)密封失效、排白烟并伴有放炮声
喷油器工作时，针阀体的密封锥面由于受到针阀频繁的强力冲击和磨料磨损，锥面会逐渐出现划痕或点蚀，配合锥面接触宽度增加，从而造成密封失效，使喷油器滴油。当柴油机温度低时，排气管有冒白烟现象；当柴油机温度高时，排气管除冒黑烟外，还会不时地发出放炮声。这时，若停止向该缸供油，排烟与放炮声则迅速消失。
(3)针阀卡死，无法喷油
柴油中的水分或酸性物质过量时会使针阀因锈蚀而被卡住；当针阀密封锥面受损后，气缸内可燃混合气也会窜入配合面并形成积炭，使针阀被卡住，喷油器无法喷油，致使该缸停止工作。
(4)内漏、喷油时间长、启动困难
当针阀在针阀孔内作频繁的往复运动时，如果柴油中杂质微粒直径过大，则会使针阀孔导向面逐渐磨损，致使喷油器内漏增加、压力下降和喷油时间延长，造成柴油机启动困难，工作时振动增大。
(5)喷油器与缸盖的结合孔漏气、窜油
若喷油器在缸盖上的安装孔内有积炭，铜垫圈不完好、不平整，以石棉板或其他材质代替紫铜材质，或垫圈的厚度不能确保喷油器伸出缸盖平面，都会造成散热不良或起不到密封作用，导致喷油器与缸盖的结合孔处漏气、窜油。
(6)冒黑烟
由于高压柴油的不断喷射冲刷，喷油嘴喷孔会因逐渐磨损而加大，导致喷油压力下降、喷射距离缩短和可燃混合气混合不均，从而使柴油机出现冒黑烟现象，缸内积炭也会随之增加。
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